The Realities Of Puritan Life With M. Night Shyamalan s...

In order to compare the realities of Puritan life with M. Night Shyamalan’s theatrical interpretation, The Village, it is important to understand who Puritans were and what kinds of beliefs they had. Puritans, different from Pilgrims, attempted to â€Å"purify† the Church of England in the seventeenth century as they felt it had been insufficiently reformed. Their idea of reformation consisted of a Calvinistic approach to society; believing in the absolute sovereignty of God, absolute dependence on divine grace for salvation, and the importance of personal religious experience. This meant that not only did they have to cleanse the church of traditional Roman Catholic practices, but also develop a new societal structure that reflected their new†¦show more content†¦The fictional community portrayed in the film disregards some of the social standards that actual Puritans had established, circa the 1600s, in regard to societal gender roles, but does a good job in accurately presenting other social aspects. In The Village, women are portrayed as a more significant element to the Puritan lifestyle as they assume roles as towns elect. This can be spotted when Luscious, the protagonist, delivers his proposal to the town hall members when he wishes to venture out into the â€Å"forbidden† forest. Out of the twelve members at the meeting, five were females; proving to be completely contrary to real Puritan society. Massachusetts Bay Colony, for example, â€Å"was a man’s world† with extreme patriarchal social structures. It was understood among Puritans that women were not to assume positions at town meetings and were excluded from any decision-making in the church. Another good example of the prejudice against women was the Salem Witch Trials, in which  ¾ of all convicted heretics were females. It was believed that women were more susceptible to Satan’s influence, and for that reason should stay out of the affairs of men and government as a whole. While Shyamalan fails to properly represent

Ace Cable Free Essays

Data Collection – Ace Cable RES 351 Data Collection – Ace Cable As stated in the week two, Ace Cable is an established company that offers cable television, telephone and internet services to its customers. These services are available to customers across the United States and they have been in business since 2000. In recent years, the competition has grown and Ace Cable is experiencing a decrease in customer enrollments. We will write a custom essay sample on Ace Cable or any similar topic only for you Order Now Customers now have multiple options to consider before enrolling into an agreement and Ace Cable is conducting research to persuade more people to sign on with the company. The research included defining the population from which the samples were collected. When it comes to the population and the different samples collected, the main goal is to focus on customers and provide outstanding services by conducting customer interviews, and surveys including group interviews of all ages. There are several methods that have taken place concerning collecting samples. The individual interviews we have collected were samples by applying surveys, from face to face interviews, in-store feedback, and telephone surveys. These surveys and interviews are conducted on a daily basis. These surveys are taking place in order to better our business when it comes to Ace cable. Individuals are completing surveys by voicing their opinions when it comes to the services and the channels that are selected. By having these surveys and interviews in place, we are getting the best feedback on what type of services they are looking forward to and what needs to be improved. In regard to group interviews, samples are being collected by surveys that are conducted at the time of the interviews. The surveys samples that are collected deals with expectations, feedback, and improved service. By having these different outcomes taking place, we can collect enough samples through interviewing and surveys bring an outstanding cable company. Next step is to determine the appropriateness of the sample size. In researching ACE Cable we were able to find it effective in our methods of sampling as well as appropriate for the sample size. Since ACE Cable is a well-known company that ranges all over, we found it key that more than just area sampling (the most important form of cluster sampling) was used in the research. As mentioned earlier, ethods such as interviews, surveys, face to face contact, telephone surveys, and in-store feedback all played a vital role in how it was made possible to reach out on a wide network of customers and collect data. Through each individual store and employee of ACE cable at different locations covering all of the company’s population, feedback is being taken to ensure data is all being compiled for better use of the business’ effecti veness. With probability sampling the data of ACE Cable was able to be more detailed and precisely researched on its large scale. Sources of bias or errors are possible when sampling. Validity is the degree to which the investigative goals are measured accurately, and the degree to which the research truly measures what it intended to measure. Another measurement tool is reliability, which measures consistency. Reliability refers to the extent to which the research measure is a consistent and dependable indicator of the investigation. If the measuring technique provides the same results once the measurement is repeated the accuracy of the measurement is high (Suresh, 2011) Selection biases are induced by sampling design. The sample group must be a true representation of the population without errors. It is important to decide how you select an appropriate setting and sample to conduct the study in order to avoid errors. Data collection takes place after sampling. Observation approach, investigative questions, communication approach, and questioning approach are just a few data collection methods used to collect data. Observation approach research is collected data through watching, recording, and analysis of observed behavior as it occurs in a natural setting. Investigative Questions are specific questions that the researchers ask to provide sufficient details and answers to research questions. Communication Approach research is collected of data through mass communication, media or speech. That kind of data involves surveying or interviewing people and recording their responses or analysis. Questioning approach research is better known a surveying. Survey is the process of data collected through interviews, questionnaires, the telephone, mail, a computer, e-mail, or the Internet (Cooper, 2011). The researches decided surveys would be the best way to determine why Ace Cable enrollment decreased and surveys constructed in a format that eliminates any ethical concerns. The data collection has no ethical concerns. All surveys contain the privacy act statement. All surveys explain study benefits and all participants’ answers remain confidential. The surveys are mailed across the United States and surveys are in the customer lobby. At this time, the researchers will not conduct e-mail surveys. It’s best to determine customers’ responses via mail and in-house first before branching out if there is a lack of participation. Cooper, D. . (2011). Business research methods. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Suresh, K. T. (2011). Design, data analysis and sampling techiques for clinical research. Retrieved July 25, 2012, from RES 351. 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Montesquieu Essay Example For Students

Montesquieu Essay In this essay I will be discussing Montesquieu, Dewey, Wright, and Lippmann. These authors have been writing about todays government for many years. These governments have many things in common as well as different. Montesquieu says that virtue is the most important principle of democracy in American government. That all members of society must put the public good ahead of their own interests. The English have been unable to establish a democracy this century because those who were involved in public affairs had some virtue. Their ambition was exited by the success of the bold and daring. The spirit of one faction is repressed by the spirit of another. When virtue ceases, ambition enters those hearts that can admit it, and greed enters them all. One was free under the laws, and now wants to be free against them. The laws are not what are best of the public. Each citizen is like an escaped slave. Instead of the people fighting tyranny, the people are fighting each other. The principle of aristocracy is moderation. The rich and upper class govern aristocracy, and it is ruled by the best people based on their interests and represses those of the people. Moderation in virtue has to lye within the ar istocracy. Keeping the interests of aristocracy in mind rather than personal interests. Now such a body can repress itself in two ways. Either by great virtue, which makes noble equal to the people, which would form a great republic. Or by lesser virtue, a moderation that leaves the nobles equal amongst themselves, which brings about their preservation. The moderation founded on virtue is the heart and soul of this government. In monarchies the government uses as little virtue as possible to accomplish things. The laws replace all these virtue in a monarchy. One man is the supreme ruler over all. Honor replaces virtue in a monarch. Honor joined with the forces of laws eventually leads to the goal of government. People put their reputation first n trying to get distinction for themselves. In a monarchy most people are good citizens, but it is hard to find good citizens. For in order to be a good citizen, one must have the intention of being one. Love the state less for oneself than f or itself. ?ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country.? Ambition is fatal to the leader of a republic, but has good effect in a monarchy. Honor is not the principle of despotic states, these must be fear in a despotic government. Fear must destroy courage and ambition in order to stop any chances of a revolution. When fear fails to exist, the people no longer have a protector. Montesquieu shows how education will be different in each kind of government. In monarchies education is not found institutions. It is found in everyday life were people can be taught from experience. Education starts at birth and nothing in the republic government to stop it. Minority has no options if the majority is a faction. Stop a majority from forming and you stop majority factions from carrying out their ?evil? schemes. Madison feels this makes republics unstable and dangerous. A pure democracy can only work in a small society. Democracy will not work in trying to go vern a large area or a large population because a common passion or interests will be felt by the majority. In democracy there is nothing to stop majority from taking advantage of the minority. Politicians claim that if there were perfect quality in their political rights, they would also have the same possessions, opinions, and passions. This is not true, for we need something to protect us. Madison feels that a republic is the ideal cure for faction. You must first get rid of this by refining and enlarging the public views. It is ideal to have the best representatives possible to make the decision for society. In a big district voting is good because it will keep out one view. It will concentrate on everyones views and give these elected officials a more broad view from hearing everyones ideas. That wisdom will enable him to give a better decision than someone other than Madison. There are more good people in large district than a small one. The smaller the society, the fewer interests there are involved within it. Therefore it will be easier for a majority to form a concert and execute their plans of oppression. Once the sphere is extended, people with the same interests dont understand theyre the majority and dont act on it. In a big unit, a group that may be in power in a small area means nothing to the big picture (republic). The poor, according to Madison, are uned ucated and self- interested. The poor will be unable to organize and communicate in a large area. By extended the sphere you can control any faction. Lippmann looks at the public opinion as lacking a goal. Their lack of agreement creates the problem with public opinion. Public opinion has power in public affairs even though they are unable to agree on what are good and bad. Public opinion attempts to govern it will only works to elevate the heart. Education in a despotic government mainly comes from living with others, in which they instill fear in the heart and teach basic religion. Education in a republic government is the love of the laws and ones homeland. One must put the public interests over his interests. Education in democracy is entrusted to each citizen, on order to preserve government one must love it. Madison feels government worst enemy is the factious spirits. By a faction, he means a group of people united by a common passion or interest and at the same time to oppre ss other citizens in the state. According to Madison there are only two ways to cure a faction; one, by removing its causes; the other by controlling its effects. There are two methods in removing the causes of faction: by destroying liberty and by giving every citizen the same interests. Liberty is to faction what air is to fire. Madison feels if you destroy liberty then at the same time you will destroy political life. The second reason man continues to make mistakes, and has the freedom to exercise it, different opinions will be formed. As long as there is a connection between his reason and his self-love, they will have an influence on each other. There are different kinds of mental abilities among men, which are where the rights of property come from, and property is the product of our faculties. It is the job of government to protect these facilities. Different kinds and degrees of properties results from unequal abilities among men, which also lead to the division of a societ y into different interests and parties. If the causes of faction cant be removed, you must control the effects of faction. If a faction forms in the minority, the majority can out vote the minority and leave them unable to use the constitution for their own good. When a faction forms in the majority fail because it cant master the problem intellectually. Acts of government are not a translation of the public opinion. The governments job is to make the laws and enforce them. Governments officials are just as lost as the public because theyre not in touch with the real problem. The government should work out adjustments rather than intervening, making their points of view indirect. The government gives indirect assistance to those responsible for the problem. When the public officials fail, they turn to the public opinion. An opinion based on reading newspapers, report, and lectures which is an insufficient way to gain facts. The place where the problem arises is where the settlement should take place. By those whom have particular interests involved. You cant ask an outsider to have the knowledge to make a decision for an insider. Lippmann attacks civic education for not teaching voters how to look at public affairs is an intelligent form. The result is a bewildered, not because hes a man but because hes in a place to understand and act on the problem. The outsider is ignorant, usually irrelevant and meddlesome because he is trying to navigate the ship from dry land. Education for citizenship should be separated from the education of public office. Montiesquieu feels one must put the government above his self-interests. That virtue is the most important part of a successful government. Madison would be in agreement with Montesquieu. Madison claims that faction is the threat to government. Faction can only form from a majority is trying to further their own personal interests. Lippmann would be in agreement that education is important in a democracy. I feel that in ways all of them are right in some aspects. That a great danger to society is faction and we must prevent it from forming. I agree that education is a vital aspect to democracy which is the best form of government. .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e , .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e .postImageUrl , .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e , .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e:hover , .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e:visited , .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e:active { border:0!important; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e:active , .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub4c0e009ee94f1ca21d3db3506c2778e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henry David Thoreau And Ralph Waldo Emersons Belie EssayPhilosophy Essays

Of Being Trapped Male and Female Paralysis in Dubliners Essay Example

Of Being Trapped: Male and Female Paralysis in Dubliners Paper A pattern that tends to emerge in each of the stories contained within Dubliners by James Joyce is characters that are paralyzed. Joyce himself would write in a letter to Grant Richards that [m]y intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the center of paralysis (Myers 4). Dubliners, contains twelve seemingly independent stories that each deal with the theme of paralysis brought on by love. This theme is both obviously stated and subtly hinted at in the various stories. There is a difference though in the cases of paralysis brought on by love. Only four of the cases concern a major female while the rest have to deal with a major or minor male character. This could be explained by saying that Joyce had a majority of male leads because he himself was obviously male and thus he could write the character better. Evidence to the contrary though comes from the stories about the major females themselves in which Joyce had written the ladies just as well as the men. Now, its not just the ratio of male to female stories being the main difference, there is also a difference in how Joyce represents the genders in the love-based paralysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Of Being Trapped: Male and Female Paralysis in Dubliners specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Of Being Trapped: Male and Female Paralysis in Dubliners specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Of Being Trapped: Male and Female Paralysis in Dubliners specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This secondary difference brings to light what Marilyn French discusses in her book Shakespeares Division of Experience, â€Å"[t]he basic distinction in human social order since the beginning of recorded history has been gender (11). Paralysis, in all of the stories, presents a great difference in how the love-based paralysis in a woman is presented from how it is presented in a man. The male form of paralysis is shown more as a stepping stone in life. The men eventually gain some knowledge from their affliction instead of being defeated by it. However, the women’s afflictions are show as something final. There is no hint of a learning experience nor is there character growth to be had in their respective stories. They become paralyzed in every sense of the word. It is the difference of these types of paralysis between male and female that shows the kind of constricting role that women held in Joyce’s portrayal of Dublin. There is a case of love-based paralysis that is illustrated in the story titled Araby. The basics of which is a story about a young boy and his every growing obsession with his friend’s sister. His whole life basically becomes focused on all his thoughts about her and the more constant thought of when he would be able to see her again despite never really having a true conversation with the girl as evident by his remark that, I had never spoken to her except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood (Joyce 40). He allows his life to be ruled by his obsession and on the fateful day that she finally speaks to him, he is beyond astonished: When she addressed the first words to me I was so confused that I did not know what to answer (41). She asks whether he is going to make the trip to the titular bazaar and requests that if he is going that he would bring her something back since she is unable to go herself. It is here that the boys obsession grows worse once he receives a request from the object of his longing as stated here: I could not call my wandering thoughts together. I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life, which, now that it stood between me and my desire, seemed to me childs play, ugly monotonous childs play (43). This fixation on the idol of all his unfulfilled affections completely rules his young life and now he has the hope to break into the adult world in order to finally have this girl consider him seriously. The bazaar presents itself as the perfect chance for the boy to prove how deeply his admiration for the girl runs. It is also a perfect time in which he can take himself from a fantasy realm to one of reality in which he gets the girl. He begins to cultivate this belief that somehow by going to Araby; it will begin a sort of metamorphosis from what he is now to someone that the girl will desire. He starts believing so strongly in this metamorphosis that he starts to focus his whole being into doing each step perfectly in order for this to go right. It is when the night of the bazaar arrives, however, that the boy encounters his first setback. His uncle was supposed to come home and give him money so he could go on his journey but the man is out drinking. He comes home late as a result and the boy ends up being extremely late for the bazaar. Because of this unforeseen tardiness, there are just a handful of stalls open when he finally arrives at Araby. He tries to do what he can however and browses the wares available to him but nothing really catches his eye because he becomes too caught up in what he believes to be his failure. Here the lights drop, acting as a rather abrupt symbol of the boy finally entering adulthood and leaving behind his fantasies. The events before this abrupt ending are where the theme of love-based paralysis comes through. When he is caught in his imaginary failures, he becomes paralyzed even though this paralysis is not necessarily his own fault. The boy did everything in his power in order to achieve his new dream. The problem came from an outside source where there are things beyond the boys power that are controlling the events unfolding around him that fateful night. His Uncle causes him to be late by not coming home and this begins to make the boy feel as if he is trapped. His Uncle does finally arrive but because he arrives so very late to the bazaar, the boy finds himself too embarrassed about his imagined failure to bring himself to do anything. With almost all of the stalls being closed and the people being rude to him in those that do happen to be open, he fails to see he still has a chance to buy something and becomes paralyzed. His carefully cultivated belief falls apart before his eyes: Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger (Joyce 46). The moment when the boys fantasy didnt come to life, he started to see himself from another perspective. As he is standing there before one of the few stalls open, he comes to the realization that his motivations may not have been as noble as he had first thought they were, that maybe the love he had imagined for the girl wasn’t enough to help carry him through his plans. He wasn’t going to the bazaar to acquire a gift for the object of his affection; he was going for far more selfish reasons. His going was an attempt at getting himself out of his own dull life and into another life that was by far more interesting. However, he did not find the Eastern enchantment that he had dreamed up in his head, he found only a dark flea market ready to close up for the night. The bazaar that he had dreamed up in his head were the own dreams he had of himself, or, how he saw himself. Once those lights went out, though, the dream version of him died as well as the imagined love. Eveline is the next story and it resembles the previous story Araby. It is also the next story in the series and by being in such a position, the reader is taken back to the events before the bazaar by the first paragraph presented in Eveline. There is the girl and the house and a field very much like there was in Araby with the only difference being the gender of the main character. As the story continues on, the rest of the differences start to come out from the woodwork. So, even with the endings of the stories both being a form of love-based paralysis, the ending positions of the characters is worlds apart. From the start of â€Å"Eveline†, Joyce paints the titular character as an insecure and shy young woman. The entire story unfolds in just the span of a few hours and only between two different settings. Despite the brevity of the timeline, the story recounts the rather doubtful and complex thought process of a young woman trying to discover the right answers to the problems that are currently plaguing her. She is bound by a promise to her mother to â€Å"keep the home together as long as she could† (Joyce 50) and her duty to take care of her father. She does have two brothers but one is deceased and the other has a job that keeps him away from home quite a bit. This forces her to live with just her father who has turned abusive. She is in conflict over remaining home because of her strong sense of duty or leaving to follow the man she has fallen so head over heels in love for. She begins to think it foolish to leave the place that she has called home all along and the work that has become something of a safety net. It was hard work – a hard life – but now that she was about to leave it she did not find it a wholly undesirable life† (48). This thought only comes after Eveline has ran through all the reasons in her head to leave showing that she is afraid of any dramatic change to her life. In her panic riddled mind she makes the decision to leave with her lover, Frank, and heads to the dock in order to meet him. Once she arrives however, the cycling of panic begins once more. Despite the boat and her love for Frank representing freedom, she starts to feel trapped once more and is unable to truly make her own choices. Her love for Frank starts to not be enough and this paralyzes her at the end, forcing her to stay behind where it is safe. There are obvious signs in both â€Å"Eveline† and â€Å"Araby† of the characters being paralyzed but the cause of the afflictions are on different levels. In â€Å"Araby† the boy’s paralysis occurs because of circumstances out of his control. This banishes his notions of love despite him doing everything in his power to achieve his dreams. For Eveline, love is just not enough and it causes her paralysis at the end because she doesn’t have the willpower to follow her lover to freedom. Because of her life, Eveline’s end result is different. Rather than having an open life in which to live like the boy in â€Å"Araby†, her life is already mapped out before her. While both of the characters may be under the control of a drunken parental figure, Eveline is an adult and she does have the power to make her own decisions. Despite this however, she is still bound by what remains of her love and loyalty to her family. This as well as her hesitation to leave a place that represents safety leaves her paralyzed. Going to the docks in order to escape went against everything that she was raised to believe in and she is incapable of challenging those beliefs: â€Å"All the seas of the world tumbled about her heart. He was drawing her into them: he would drown her† (Joyce 51). When the boat is finally starting to leave, Eveline becomes paralyzed in the true sense of the word. She becomes unable to move and all the whirring thoughts inside of her head have stopped, causing her to completely shut down: â€Å"She set her white face to him, passive, like a helpless animal. Her eyes gave him no sight of love or farewell or recognition† (51). This love-based paralysis is somewhat similar to the boy’s in â€Å"Araby†, both being that their love wasn’t enough to carry them through with their respective plans. The end result is different however. The boy in â€Å"Araby† recognized that this love wasn’t enough but Eveline hasn’t gained any knowledge from her own bout of paralysis. While the clarity is subject to interpretation, there is a difference between the circumstances of the paralysis brought on by love in each female and male case in Joyce’s Dubliners. The males are shown as having hope of overcoming their paralysis because it is there to serve as a learning experience. They are on the stepping stones of live and this is just another moment that they have to fight thought. For the women however, it is not that simple. Their paralysis is something final. There is nothing to learn from it; instead, it is as if they are being punished for trying to change their situation. They are being forced back to where they had come from, showing a stark difference in the roles of men and women in Joyce’s literary portrayal of Dublin.

Pride and Prejudice †Discourses

Pride and Prejudice – Discourses Free Online Research Papers â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.† (Pride and Prejudice p.1) â€Å"A woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, dancing, and the modern languages to deserve the word.† (Pride and Prejudice p.3) The definitions of masculinity and femininity, the roles of males and females and the relevance to todays culture all need to be considered, in relation to the text, Pride and Prejudice. Jane Austen defines males and females very differently from how they are defined today in 2007. Males are considered to be wealthy, self-sufficient and the providers of women. Women are defined as being dependent on men. This is the case with Mrs Bennet, whose goal was to marry off all five of her daughters. Mr Bennet was the sole provider for Mrs Bennet and their daughters. If Mr Bennet was to die, his fortune would then be passed on to his nearest male relative, not to his wife. Women were considered to be ‘protagonists.’ They were mostly dependent on their fathers and husbands to provide them with economic livelihood. Their life was much the same after marriage, except for the extra household duties. Their happiness was based on a fortunate marriage. Women were often forced to partake in semi-arranged matrimony to be promised a home and social status as somebody’s wife. A woman’s knowledge of attributes such as music, singing, dancing would show how accomplished she was. Music was an accomplishment that was greatly prized, as not may women were gifted with it. Men were considered to have a great deal of time on their hands. Some did riding and driving. These men were rather proud of their achievements, as they appealed to the feminine eye. A mans wealth was dependent on what class the pertained to. A man, who was part of the gentry, could earn his fortune through inheritance, rent from lands, investments in stocks and the government. Mr Bennet was one such example. A man who was part of the trading class could earn his fortune being anything from a banker to a merchant. Mr Gardiner was in this class, as he was a banker. The representations of masculinity and femininity in Pride and Prejudice, in relation to today’s culture in 2007, could be considered as contradictory. The idea of women like Mrs Bennet, being totally dependent on men, is rarely seen in today’s society. Many women who are mothers have a job, whether it is full or part time, which earns them money to help support them and their family financially. Most modern young single women are not out looking for a husband they are either attending university, or have a career of some kind, they are independent. Men gaining their fortune from hereditary means, and not having to work hard are yet another example of the change in modern culture. Most men are a part of the working class, consisting of physical labour. Men hardly have any spare time on their hands, as the men do in Pride and Prejudice. Most jobs consist of 10 to 12 hours of work a day. Then there is also work that needs to be done at home. Men and women today donâ€℠¢t get married out of convenience, they get married out of mutual love and respect of one another. Research Papers on Pride and Prejudice - DiscoursesInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementThe Fifth HorsemanResearch Process Part One19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionQuebec and Canada

Analysis of Generalization on the Example of Radio Shack’s Audience

Analysis of Generalization on the Example of Radio Shack’s Audience Radio Shacks Sociocultural Environment Radio Shack is a computer-controlled radio that has a recording feature on live programs. It is available in both the United States of America and Canada. The aspect of socio-culture for both countries is different in the sense that, the USA is diverse with many ethnic groups while Canada lacks diversity since it has few ethnic- groups. The culture of a place is typically influenced by the number of ethnic groups that exist. For instance, the United States and Canada are different when it comes to market structure and consumption. For both countries, there is a notable variation, which can be attributed to different cultures. In the USA it needs to incorporate the diversity to a large existent while in Canada it is not necessary. As such, the Sociocultural environment is seen as fundamental in coming up with generalized decisions as well as specific operating needs of each sociocultural cluster (Macky et al., 2008). Geert Hofstede looks at the sociocultural environment as a different way, which individuals of one group are distinguishable from the other. This is a result of how they have adapted to their society and how they can view and react to various elements (Hofstede, 2011). Socio-cultural parts of the States include considering a product on merit, that is, how it meets the need it was purchased for and the cultural aspects of the company involved. Moreover, the company can consider taking part in various social responsibility programs. Corporate social responsibility programs are essential in that; they can help market the products of the company in their localities. Radio Shack is one company that is surviving in different cultures, however, Canada, on the other hand, is more of how collectively a product can meet the desired results. In this case, it is not about a single person but the entire group. Similarly, the corporate social responsibility that the parent company is involved in p lays a role in improving Radio Shack penetration in the market. The socio-culture of the USA is first centered on individualism, which ideally means every person wants a product or a service that perfectly meets their needs and many of the consumers do not consider the tastes of others (Apsalone Sumilo, 2015). As such, Radio Shack is meant to have personal satisfaction. Concerning masculinity, the States is not that divided when it comes to roles, ideas or products that befit a certain gender. From a business perspective, Radio Shark can easily qualify as a unisex product that cuts across the needs of both men and women. Uncertainty in the USA is high because it is tolerant to various ideas and allows businesses to try products without any restrictions. To Radio Shack this is a good environment for trying out new products, as the market allows a variety of products without having to judge and condemn them in totality. Canada, on the other hand, is more into collectivism, mainly because, it has less ethnic groups compared to the USA. As such, there are strong groups such as extended family connections or influence by church groups at different age levels (Dube et al., 2015). Radio Shack has to be spot on when it comes to its programming of a product in that this market takes only a single individual to affect the sales to a huge group due to the collectivism, which represents socio-cultural aspects. The other aspect of masculinity in Canada is pronounced in the sense that men and women tend to be competitive and assertive. As such, for the business, a product has to be tailored to adapt to the competitive nature of both genders. Uncertainties in Canada are very low, in that, the level of tolerance that is accorded to ambiguity is so minimal. Rules and regulations are adhered to strictly as well as the need for safety and security of consumers. Radio Shack’s business in this market is therefo re subject to strict controls from the regulatory authority, and there is no room for any errors. In the business world, there are situations where uncertainties are unavoidable either due to political or economic causes. However, the social-cultural aspect of inequality in both countries is similar. Every person or business is accorded same opportunity to access government services or social amenities. This has been key for Radio Shack in the sense that, venturing into a foreign market comes with a lot of rules and regulations with the outstanding aspect of foreign ventures. Operating business in a foreign land can be difficult, especially when it comes to compliance. Radio Shack has enjoyed relatively a pleasant business season in both cultures. This can be attributed to their mode of operation, which incorporates diversity. In both Canada and USA, the market is friendly for the company in many ways. As such the aspect of equality means ease of accessing market as well as launching the product. The socio-cultural factors have a huge impact on the business of Radio Shack in various ways. The aspect of individualism means that the companys marketing structure need to focus independently on every customer. The reverse is true for the collectivism aspect in that, all required is a good marketing structure at the group level and the product will be accepted. Design of a product is also affected by the element of masculinity in that; in an environment where these aspects are more pronounced, the product should equally make them pronounced. This can be achieved by having labels that distinguish between male and female. The level of tolerance to uncertainty also plays a role. Unfamiliar products that are not from the individual’s country may be unwelcome, and this may affect business negatively. As such, cultures that have low uncertainty tolerance pose a high risk to a business regarding having a competitive edge in the market or not.

Fall Protection in Residential Construction Essay

Fall Protection in Residential Construction - Essay Example However, a number of Federal rules have recently been enacted to protect residential construction workers from falls as well as limit the occurrence of such accidents. The OSHA fall protection in residential construction requirements particularly describes a number of methods that can be used by residential construction employers to protect their workers against fall related injuries and deaths during the construction process. Despite providing a number of potential benefits including preventing loss of lives due to fall related accidents, fall protection in residential also comes with a number of challenges and limitations. This paper critically discusses fall protection in residential construction with particular focus to the examples advantages, disadvantages and consequences of the various fall protection regulations for residential construction. Fall Protection Standards and Regulations There are a number of both Federal and state regulations that have been primarily designed to provide technical measures aimed at reducing the number of fall related accidents and fatalities. Prior to the issuance of the new directive, OSHA’s interim fall protection compliance regulations provided most of the fall protection guidelines used in residential construction. ... One of the new compliance directives that were recently issued by OSHA is the requirement that all employees working at heights of six feet or higher must use safety nets, guardrails and fall arrest systems as part of their protection against fall related accidents. According to the new OSHA directive, fall arrest systems include wearing a full body harness, lanyard, deceleration device and an anchor point. The use of scaffold protects the workers from the falling related accidents during construction. The scaffold used in any construction must be unbending and appropriate in the weight it carries to prevent construction materials and workers from falling. The scaffold is advantageous for it is only in rare cases where it usually falls. These scaffolds are on the other hand of a disadvantage nature especially in cases of overload, where it has caused death of workers as a result of the falling materials. Well-fixed ladders and other important personal fall protection systems protect workers from falling while constructing buildings. The use of ladders enhances the workers can move to very high heights of the buildings without falling. The use of ladder is a technical means of construction for it requires a correct ladder for any chosen task. It on the other requires a capable person both visually thus making the ladder use disadvantageous. It is preferred in most cases because it a cheaper protection measure from falling. Additionally, depending of the circumstances, alternatives such as warning lines or restraint systems are often part of OSHA requirements for fall protection in residential construction. Nevertheless, OSHA can exempt construction employees from the full requirements of fall protection regulations if they are able to document and prove

The History of Weapons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The History of Weapons - Essay Example History have been developed in to what it is today by these weapon of annihilation. These weapons have eternally changed our world. Technological and scientific development has contributed to the development of all new advanced weapons. In the course of history, weapons have played a crucial role in the transformation and changing of society. Weapons were cause of destruction of civilization and also creation of new ones. The evolution of multifarious weapons describes the development of technology implemented by ancestors over the course of history. The main intension of development of weapons was to make it as powerful as possible to capture lands and enslave other people. This essay will discuss about the history of weapons. During ancient days, Egypt was at its peak but was invaded by the Hyksos by their superior weapons which were made of iron. These innovation and tactical brilliance at that point of time amazed the Egyptians. Earlier days, people used to use weapons to protect themselves and hunt for food. But mostly weapons were used to fight against each other for land, religion and power. Earlier days weapons were simple such as rocks and sharp sticks. Fighting was mainly between the throwing distances of enemy. But gradually weapons were developed in to more destructive and efficient. Guns were used in this century.String of the gun was wet through in saltpeter and then slow match was touched to the gunpowder so that it could ignite. The Wheelock was invented in early 16th century. Gunpowder is ignited by spark which is generated by a metal wheel that spun against an iron pyrites. Because of this most of the cavalry stopped using lances. Instead of lances they used to carry three or four pistol each. But the traditional English weapon used to be a longbow (O’Bryan, 2013). Longbow was around before it was used by the English. But it was never used as efficiently it was used by the English. At that time, most bows

Smoking, Gender, Sick Role Essay Example for Free

Smoking, Gender, Sick Role Essay How do you think that smoking and gender is related? Why do you think that men/women smoke even though it is known as a deadly practice? Despite the overrun and almost cliched disclaimer from government reminding the general public that â€Å"cigarette smoking can be dangerous to your health,† a lot of people prefer to think and/or act otherwise. While smoking is considered generally bad or quite frankly, repulsive, and met with disgust by some, it is nonetheless acknowledged in society as something relatively acceptable or tolerated. Its social acceptability lies in different aspects or points of view. Most smokers believe, for instance, that breathing in nicotine and burnt paper helps in times of stress, and that cigarettes help them relax. People smoke to clear their heads and think. People smoke when they feel cold, or tired, or lonely, angry, or to socialize, and so on. Smoking, like drinking, has become an effective outlet by which people socialize and vent, and they do, despite the number of diseases that statistics promise every pack of cigarettes come pre-packaged with. More than being provoked by the said factors, the instance of cigarette smoking has come to relate and define ones gender and sexuality. Smoking is generally accepted among men as something which somehow affirms their masculinity. Cigarette smoking in women is seen as a sign or symbol of sophistication, despite what the opposite may connote. Adolescents for the most part, take a significant proclivity and liking to practices considered bad or unacceptable, and smoking is easily one of them. These concepts and images entrenched in society, as well as the previously enumerated factors relating to its validity or acceptability contributes to the instance that is cigarette smoking; the benefits of which appear to outweigh negative implications, of various illnesses and diseases which may or may not result from its practice. 2. What is sick role? Describe the sick role vis a vis birthing in Turkey. A concept brought about by Talcott Parsons in 1961, a sick role is a behavior that an individual is expected or not expected to perform within his/her obligations to society in the event of an illness or disease which incapacitates him/her from doing so. Parsons concept of the sick role affords a sick person the right to be exempted from normal roles prescribed in society, and the freedom not be held responsible for his or her condition. The sick persons only obligations on the other hand, are to condition themselves into recovering from the said sickness, and to find a competent doctor or physician which would attend to their particular sickness or illnesses. In Turkey, culture and tradition demands that a women who has just given birth is not allowed to leave her house in the extent of forty days from the time shes given birth. She is not to be left alone and is to be attended to within the forty days in which she is confined to her house. The said culture and tradition mirrors Parsons concept of sick role, and exempts a woman who has just gone through child birth the necessary and proper duties and obligations society warrants from her by confining her to the bounds of her own home, requiring that she rests, be nursed back to health, and nothing else. References Dichter Ernest. â€Å"Why Do We Smoke? † http://smokingsides. com/docs/whysmoke. html 10 January 2008. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Culture and Tourism. â€Å"Culture and Beliefs. † http://www. kultur. gov. tr/ 10 Jan 2008. â€Å"The Sick Role. † http://www. diligio. com/sick_role. htm 10 January 2

Computers and the Internet :: Computers Technology Technological Essays

Computers and the Internet For most of my high school career, I have used the Internet for my research. My method relied on printing out the material, highlighting the important sections and trying to interpret these sections into my own words to incorporate this research into my papers. I feel that the Internet has made it harder for students to use research in their work. Copy and paste are two of the best tools in the computer. When you do take information, there is no typing at all. With two clicks of a mouse, you could have a complete term paper after only a few minutes of searching. The temptation is there and with the increased academic pressures at college, many students succumb. The web is always available. In the middle of January, you don’t have to bundle up to go to the library all you have to do is type in a few â€Å"search† words and instantly you have all the information at your fingertips. Resources, when readily available, often get abused. This is the case with the Internet. Most college students feel that they are invincible. Who would be able to catch them cheating? No one. They go ahead and do it. Any person who cheats and gets away with it may feel a â€Å"high† of some sort. This might tempt them to try it again. The student then does it and gets caught. The ramifications could throw their life into shambles. What about a job or getting into another college? If a stricter cheating, copying and plagiarizing policy were in effect from middle school on, I believe that the problem may be cut in half. College may be the first place where a student is under a lot of stress to produce for him/herself and their families. If that student were confident in the writing and researching abilities, then they would have less of a chance to â€Å"crack† and plagiarize. Tough and earlier enforcement of plagiarizing consequences would help to cut back on the student’s temptation to plagiarize. Many people don't know about copyright laws. Therefore no one understands the term â€Å"copyrighted† According to Open Spaces magazine, â€Å"the core purpose of copyright laws as expressly stated in the constitution is: to promote the process of knowledge and learning.

Oedipus Reader’s Log

World Literature – Reader Response Log – Oedipus Rex Section|Line(s) |Questions|Reader’s Commentary|| Prologue|1-150|1. Describe the dramatic purpose of the Prologue. |The prologue sets the atmosphere of Oedipus Rex, and gets the reader interested. || |8|2. How does Oedipus characterize himself in line 8? |He sees himself as famous to all men. || |25-30|3. Describe the conditions in Thebes as depicted by the Priest in lines 25-30. |There is disease infecting the fruit and cattle of their land, and women in labor are losing their children. || |40-46|4. How do the suppliants view Oedipus in lines 31-34, 40, and 46? They are thankful of him because he freed them from the tribute they were paying|| ||5. What is a Sphinx? What is the answer to the riddle, â€Å"What has one voice and four feet, two feet and three feet? † Who answers the riddle? |A winged monster of Thebes, having a woman's head and a lion's body. Man as an infant, he crawls on all fours; as an adult, he walks on two legs and; in old age, he uses a ‘walking' stick. Oedipus answers the riddle. || |41-4253|6. What request does the Priest make of Oedipus in lines 41-42 and 53? |They beg Oedipus for help, to help their state. So now, you best of men, raise up our state. †|| |60-61|7. Define dramatic irony. Then, explain its function in lines 60-61. |Irony that is understood by the audience/readers but not by the characters in the story. The audience would have already known Oedipus’ fate when hearing those lines, while the priest/Oedipus had no idea of what really happened. || |95-107|8. Review lines 95-107 once more. What does Apollo say must be done to rid Thebes of its pollution? |â€Å"Lord Phoebus clearly orders us to drive away the polluting stain this land has harboured† they have to find who killed Laius. || |114-123125|9.What were the circumstances surrounding Laius’s death (refer to lines 114-123)? Furthermore, what motive does Oedipu s assign the murderer (lines 124-125)? |All of the messengers died that went with Laius except for one man. Oedipus says that the men are robbers. || |137-141|10. Explain the irony present in Oedipus’s resolution (lines 137-141). |Oedipus is talking about what the killer might do; while unbeknownst to him he’s actually the killer. || Section|Line(s) |Questions|Reader’s Commentary|| Parados|151-215|11. Discuss the Chorus’ reaction to Apollo’s advice to the city of Thebes (lines 154-157). The chorus is frightened, and is asking what they have to do for Zeus. â€Å"What obligation will you demand from me, a thing unknown†. || |170-182|12. Describe the conditions in the city as recounted by the Chorus (lines 170-182). |Everyone is unhappy, and many of the townspeople have died or are dying. || First Episode|216-462|13. Why does Oedipus seek the counsel of Teiresias (lines 278-287)? |He can see into things like Lord Apollo. || 316-344|316-344|14. What is Teiresias reaction to Oedipus’s request (lines 316-344)? |He doesn’t want to tell Oedipus anything. || 353-371|353-371|15.How does Oedipus view Teiresias? What ironies exist in their conversation? Refer to lines 353-371. |Oedipus views Teiresias as a liar, he thinks what he’s saying is wrong. Oedipus calls Teiresias blind, and eventually Oedipus will be blind. || |385-389|16. In lines 385-389, Oedipus begins to harbor a suspicion about Creon. What is this suspicion? Why is this important? |He thinks Creon has betrayed him. However, Oedipus is wrong, and won’t see the important truth that is in front of him. || |390-398|17. What superior trait does Oedipus claim over Teiresias in lines 390-398? Oedipus claims he has wit, while Teiresias only has â€Å"the birds†. || |413-425|18. In lines 413-425, Teiresias reveals the truth to Oedipus about his lineage. What does Teiresias predict will be Oedipus’s fate? Refer to lines 417-423; 452-4 60. |Teiresias says that Oedipus will go blind, and that his cries will not be heard. Also, he says he will be poor. || First Stasimon |463-512|19. Discuss the Chorus' view of Teiresias's accusations against Oedipus. Refer to lines 483-495; 504-511. |They cannot confirm or deny them, the chorus is very confused. || Section|Line(s) |Questions|Reader’s Commentary||Second Episode|513-862|20. How does Creon defend himself against Oedipus’s accusation of conspiracy (lines 583-604)? |Creon says he’s much happier not being king and that when you’re king you have to live in fear. || |639-697|21. What does Jocasta do in lines 639-697? |Jocasta learns of what Oedipus wants to do to Creon and she stops him. || |707-722|22. How does Jocasta assure Oedipus that is not guilty of the king’s death, lines 707-722? |She tells him what the gods said. That it would be Laius’ son who killed him and that Laius’ sent his son away. || |726-745|23.Why is Oedi pus disturbed and frightened by Jocasta’s comments in lines 726-745? |He realizes that he is the person who murdered Laius’, meaning he is Laius’ son, and has an incest relationship with his wife/mother. || |758-764|24. Return to lines 758-764. What happened to the one witness to the king’s death? |The witness begged to be sent off to where the animals graze. || |774-775779-793|25. Whom does Oedipus believe are his true parents, lines 774-775? Why does he visit the Delphic Circle? What is he told? Refer to lines 779-793. |He thinks Polybus of Corinth is his father.Oedipus goes to Delphic Circle to seek answers about his parents; he’s told that his fate was to defile his mother’s bed. || |813-822|26. Describe what Oedipus fears most in lines 813-822. |He says he won’t be welcomed by anyone. || |842-858|27. How does Jocasta reassure Oedipus in lines 842-858? |She says that Laius was killed by a group of men, and that her son died long a go so the sayings could not be true. || |858-860|28. What request does Oedipus make in lines 858-860? |He requests to see the peasant/witness. || Section|Line(s) |Questions|Reader’s Commentary||Second Stasimon|863-910|29. What wish does the Chorus express in the first stanza, lines 863-872? |They pray that â€Å"fate still finds me worthy†. || |897-910|What concern does the Chorus express in the fourth stanza, lines 897-910? |They worry that the prophecies will fail to be fulfilled. || Third Episode|911-1085|30. Whom is Jocasta praying to in lines 911-923? |She is praying to Apollo. || |924-963|31. What news is delivered to Oedipus in lines 924-963? What is his reaction to the Messenger’s news? (964-972)? What is Jocasta’s reaction (977-983)? The messenger tells them Oedipus’ father has died. Jocasta says not to worship Apollo because he was wrong about the prophecies. Jocasta says that she already foretold of this. || |1008-1046|32. What additiona l information does the Messenger provide, lines 1008-1046? |The messenger tells him that Polybus is not his real father, and that Oedipus was found with his ankles tied together. || |1056-1075 1076-1079|33. Why does Jocasta ask Oedipus to refrain from seeking out the Herdsman then leave, lines 1056-1075? How does Oedipus view Jocasta’s erratic behavior?Refer to lines 1076-1079. |Jocasta knows that Oedipus is her son, and she doesn’t want him to find out. Oedipus makes his own decision, making Jocasta vow to never speak again. Oedipus thinks Jocasta is ashamed of him. || ||34. Discuss the irony surrounding the Messenger’s arrival immediately after Jocasta’s prayer. Is he truly delivering good news? |The messenger is not truly delivering good news; it’s actually news that will hurt both Jocasta and Oedipus. Also, the irony is she her prayer is immediately answered by the messenger’s arrival. | Third Stasimon|1086-1109|35. Whom does the Chorus identify as parents to Oedipus? Refer to lines 1098-1101. |The chorus identifies immortal gods as Oedipus’ parents. || Fourth Episode|1110-1185|36. Whom was the Herdsman employed with? Why is he reluctant to answer questions from Oedipus, lines 1117-1181? |The herdsman was employed with Laius. He’s doesn’t want to answer because he knows he and Oedipus will suffer. || Section|Line(s) |Questions|Reader’s Commentary|| Fourth Stasimon|1186-1222|37. What general comment does the Chorus offer based on Oedipus’s plight?Refer to lines 1186-1196. |They say that â€Å"no mortal man is ever blessed†. They pity Oedipus. || |1214-1215|38. What horrific fact concerning Oedipus’s marriage to Jocasta does the Chorus identify in lines 1214 and 1215? |It says that Oedipus and Jocasta are in fact mother and son. || Exodos|1223 to the end|39. What news does the second Messenger announce in lines 1235-1279? |They say that Jocasta killed herself. || |1290 -1291|40. Discuss the symbolism of Oedipus’s self-blinding. What does Oedipus intend to do, lines 1290-1291? What prompts these actions? Oedipus has put a curse on himself, he wishes to be banished to sat he doesn’t bare the curse on to the house. || |1329-1331|41. In the next section of the Exodos, Oedipus joins the Chorus in lamenting his fate. Whom does Oedipus blame in lines 1329-1331? |He blames Apollo. || |1369-1385|42. What reasons does Oedipus provide for his self-blinding in lines 1369-1385? |He couldn’t bear to see his father and mother in Hades, or look at his children. || |1436-1467|43. What requests does Oedipus make of Creon? Refer to lines 1436-1467. |He wants Creon to cast him out where no other person will see him. | |1489-1502|44. Describe the vision Oedipus has for his daughters’ future in lines 1489-1502. |Oedipus thinks his children will be unmarried, and barren for the rest of their lives. || |1524-1530|45. What moral lesson does the Chorus derive from Oedipus’s life? Refer to lines 1524-1530. |â€Å"We cannot call a mortal being happy before he’s passed beyond life free from pain. † You can’t call a person happy until they’ve died. || *Adapted from The Classical Origins of Western Culture Study Guide, Copyright  © 1986 by Brooklyn College, The City University of New York All rights reserved. Published 1986.

Human Resource Practice

A Report on HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited MBA Program, Stream: HRM Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka July 20, 2009 A Report on HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited Submitted To, Professor Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman Department of Management Studies University of Dhaka Prepared By, MBA, Stream: HRM, 10th Batch, Department of Management Studies University of Dhaka Executive summary In this global competitive era, banks have an important role as a financial institution. This report has been prepared on a commercial bank. In every organization, men/human resources play an important role for its success. No organization whether it is small or large, labor intensive or technology intensive can run without human resource. The topic of our report is â€Å"HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited. † We have done this report on the IFIC bank Ltd. Although we have learned some banking activities during preparing our report we have mainly focused on HRM issues to keep the report on the right track. The Bank has a Human Resource & Division for its employees’ training & development. The also has an Academy for this purpose. There is a Library in the Academy. Bank uses both on-the job training & off-the job training method. Branches use on-the job training namely job rotation, Coaching/ under study approach, direct supervision by the senior managers. Head Office uses off-the job training namely Lectures, Conference, Workshop, Management Game, Role playing, Behavior Modeling and Case Study etc. The workforce was 96 in 1983 & 2014 in 2006. Benefits of the Employees such as House building loans, Car loan at lower interest rate, Provident Fund, Insurance Facilities are available for its employees. Minimum two years is required for promotion of the employees. Two Methods of evaluation for promotion: 1. Annual confidential report (ACR) scored by the immediate supervisor 2. Interview marks. Both marks are added together to prepare list for promotion. Statistical Analysis indicates Average Job Satisfaction Of the employee (Mean) is 3. 37 out of 5. Standard Deviation is 0. 82 & Coefficient of Variation (CV) is 24. 3 %. The performance of the bank is satisfactory. Our Report consists of four Chapters namely Introduction, Methodology, analysis & Findings, Conclusion & Recommendations, & Bibliography & Appendix. In the first chapter: History of the organization, objectives of the organization, functions of the organization, organ gram of the organization, existing program of the organization and the future program of the organiz ation has been described. In the second chapter: Objectives of the study, data collection, data interpretation, limitations of the study has been described. In the third chapter: Human resource planning, recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, CPD, findings, pay scale and labor management relations has been described. In the final & fourth chapter recommendations, conclusions, suggestions and appendix and bibliography are given. Letter of Transmittal 20 July, 2009 To Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman Professor, Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of Report. Dear Sir, With due respect, we are stating that we are a few students of MBA program Stream: HRM doing our report under Professor Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman. We are very happy to inform you that we have prepared our Report on â€Å"HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited† and would like to submit it to you at this time. Therefore, we will be highly pleased if you accept our Report. Sincerely Yours, MBA 10TH Batch Stream: HRM Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Acknowledgement At the very outset, we do hereby express our heartiest gratitude and countless thanks to the Almighty who has enabled us to prepare this report on â€Å"HRM issues in the Banking sector: A Case Study on IFIC Bank Limited† We would like to thank our Professor Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman for his sincere guidance. We have done report our on IFIC Bank Ltd. We would like to thank the Managing director of the Bank, Md. Masiur Rahman; Senior Executive Vice President Head of HRD & Research, R. M. Debnath. Md. Sahabuddin, Librarian of the IFIC Academy Library has helped us providing information about the HRM issues of IFIC Bank Ltd. Finally, we would like to thank all persons who have helped us to prepare our Report. Abbreviations Used |No. Abbreviation |Elaboration | |01 |IFIC |International finance investment & commerce | |02 |MD |Managing Director | |03 |SEVP |Senior executive vice president | |04 |EVP |Executive vice president | |05 |SVP |Senior vice president | |06 |EVP |Executive vice president | |07 |VP |Vice president |08 |SAVP |Senior assistance vice president | |09 |FAVP |First assistance vice president | |10 |AVP |Assistance vice president | |11 |SSO |Senior staff officer | |12 |SO |Staff officer | | 13 |G-1 |Officer grade-1 | |14 |PO |Provisionary officer | |15 |G-2 |Officer grade-2 | |16 |CASH/COMP |Cash/Computer officer | |17 |OA(SG) |Office assistance(security guard) | |18 |O. ASSTT. |Office assistance | |19 |SS |Security staff | |20 |O. ATT. Office attendance | |21 |Ltd. |Limited | |22 |HRM |Human Resource Management | Table of contents |Chapter no. |Particulars |Page no. | | |Executive Summary |3 | | |Letter of transmittal |4 | |Acknowledgements |5 | | |Abbreviations |6 | | |List of chart and graph |9 | | |Dedication |9 | |Chapter 1 |Introduction |10 | | |(a) Background |10 | | |(b) Objectives |10 | | |(c) Functions |11 | | |(d) Organ gram of the organization |11 | | |(e) Existing program of the organization |13 | | |(f) Future program of the organization |16 | |Chapter 2 |Research methodology |17 | | |(a) Objectives of the study |17 | | |(b) Data collection |17 | | |(c) Data interpretation |18 | | |(d) Limitations |19 | |Chapter 3 |Findings and analysis |19 | | |(a) Literature review |19 | | |(b) Human resource department |22 | | |(C) Workforce 22 | | |(d) Human resource planning |24 | | |(e) Recruitment and selection |24 | | |(f) Training and development |25 | | |(g) Performance appraisal |28 | | |(h) Career planning development |29 | | |(i) Findings |29 | | |(j) Pay scale |30 | | |(k) Labor management relations |32 | |Chapter 4 |Recommendations and conclusions |33 | | |(a) Conclusions |33 | | |(b) Recommendations |34 | | |(c) Suggestions |35 | | |Appendix |36 | | |Bibliography |38 | List of graph and charts In this report we have not used too much chart and diagram because the topic is the HRM related issue and not on the financial matters we are preparing this report so have used only four chart and graph. |Page no |Contents |Subject matters | |12 |Table |Organizational hierarchy | |23 |Bar Diagram |Workforce | |24 |Organizational chart |HRP | |32 | Bar diagram |Pay scale | Dedication Dedication to our course teacher Dr. M. Ataur Rahman And Our Mother and Father Date of submission: 20/07/09 Chapter 1 Introduction (a) Background of IFIC Bank Limited International Finance Investment and Commerce Bank Limited (IFIC Bank) is a banking company incorporated in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh with limited liability. It was set up at the instance of the Government in 1976 as a joint venture between the Government of Bangladesh and sponsors in the private sector with the objective of working as a finance company within the country and setting up joint venture banks/financial institutions abroad.. In 1983 when the Government allowed banks in the private sector, IFIC was converted into a full-fledged commercial bank. At that time this deposit was 231. 03 crore and profit figure was 5. 06 crore. Up to 2008 its number of branch stands to 65 and its paid up capital was 1,341,431,400 TK. The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh now holds 35% of the share capital of the Bank. Leading industrialists of the country having vast experience in the field of trade and commerce own 34% of the share capital and the rest is held by the general public. The bank earned ever-highest operating profit during the year 2002 among all private banks of Bangladesh (except Islami Bank BD Ltd. ) The bank earned an operating profit of Tk. 55 crore during the year 2006. (b) Objectives of the organization The objective of the organization is to provide service to its clients with the help of a skilled and dedicated workforce whose creative talents, innovative actions and competitive edge will make its position unique in giving quality service to all institutions and individuals that it care for. It is committed to the welfare and economic prosperity of the people and the community, for that it is working towards to gain progress to prosperity. The bank want to be the leader among banks in Bangladesh and make its indelible mark as an active partner in regional banking operating beyond the national boundary. In an intensely competitive and complex financial and business environment, it particularly focus on growth and profitability of all concerned. (c) Functions of the organization ) IFIC acts as an investment and finance company under arrangement of joint venture with the Govt. of Bangladesh. 2) It operates Foreign Exchange Business in a limited scale. 3) It operates as a commercial b ank. 4) It operates overseas joint venture such as in 1983 it set up its first overseas joint venture on the Republic of Maldives. 5) It acts as a joint venture Exchange Company. 6) IFIC establish overseas bank such as that branch in Pakistan at Karachi. 7) By joint venture activities it functions the act of second lease financing. (d) Organ gram of the organization The thirteen members of the Board of Directors are responsible for the strategic planning and overall policy guidelines of the Bank. Further, there is an Executive Committee of the Board to dispose of urgent business proposals. Besides, there is an Audit Committee in the Board to oversee compliance of major regulatory and operational issues. The CEO and Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director and Head of Divisions are responsible for achieving business goals and overseeing the day to day operation. The CEO and Managing Director is assisted by a Senior Management Group consisting of Deputy Managing Director and Head of Divisions who supervise operation of various Divisions centrally and co-ordinates operation of branches. Key issues are managed by a Management Committee headed by the CEO and Managing Director. This facilitates rapid decisions. There is an Asset Liability Committee comprising member of the Senior Executives headed by CEO and Managing Director to look into all operational functions and Risk Management of the Bank. Organizational hierarchy |Managing Director | | | |Deputy Managing Director | | | |Assistant Managing Director | | |General Manager | | | |Deputy General Manager | | | |Assistant General Manger | | | |Senior Principal Officer | | | |Principal Officer | | | |Senior Officer Grade-| | | | |Officer Grade-|| | (e) Existing program of the organization In 1976 IFIC was established as an Investment & Finance Company under arrangement of joint venture with the Govt. of Bangladesh. In 1980 it commenced its operation in Foreign Exchange Business in a limited scale. In 1982 it obtained permission from the Govt. to operate as a commercial Bank. In 1983 setup its first overseas joint venture (Bank of Maldives) on the Republic of Maldives. Then it commenced operation as a full-fledged commercial Bank in Banglad esh. In 1985 it set up a joint venture Exchange Company in the Sultanate of Oman. In 1987 it set up its first overseas branch in Pakistan at Karachi. In 1993 it Set up its second overseas branch in Pakistan at Lahore. In 1994 it set up its first joint venture in Nepal for banking operation. In 1999 it set up its second joint venture in Nepal for lease financing. In 2003 the Bank celebrated its 20th founding anniversary. Other than that the Bank offers various loans and scheme to the customers. The major loans and schemes are the banks main product. The description of the products are given below. 1. Auto Loan: Rolls Royce, Ferrari or a Cadillac that's for one born with good luck. For the one's who dream to make their own luck. Come to IFIC for your desired Car. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with us then you can easily apply for the AUTO LOAN. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 15 lac Loan Period: 12-60 months. 2. Consumer Loan: Life is complex as it is. IFIC makes your life-style easy and comfortable with the Consumer Durable Loan. So avail the easy facility offer. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult and employed person and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for the loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 1 Lac. Loan Period: 12-36 months. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately,  Least Formalities. 3. Porua Loan: A good education is the foundation for a successful life. IFIC is offering the opportunity to students to pursue higher education opportunity with the loan facility. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for the loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 8 Lac Loan Period: 12-48 months Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, least Formalities. 4. Flexi Loan: The demands and uncertainties of life getting you down? Here is the answer. Come avail yourself IFIC's Flexi Loan, to turn the uncertainties of life to a certainty you can control. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult Bangladeshi employed by the Govt/Autonomous body/ Bank/ MNC/ NGO or any other kind of employed person with at least monthly Tk. 10,000 salary then you are eligible for the Flexi Loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 3 lac. Loan Period:12-36 months. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 5. Thikana Loan A man's home is just not his castle, it's more than an asset, and it’s an investment for his future generation. IFIC's Thikana Loan helping you find your ADDRESS. Your life's Satisfaction First. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for the loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 75 Lac. Loan Period: Maximum 15 years. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 6. Possession Loan For those people running a successful business from rented premises, IFIC BANK is there to finance you for loan. So your business can have its own Permanent Address. Getting the Loan: If you are a Bangladeshi entrepreneur with only 2 years of successful business record & having a valid trade license and also have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for this loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 5 Lac. Loan Period: Maximum 65 years on the date of maturity of the loan. Processing: Quick Processing, Immediately, Least Formalities. 7. Peshajibi Loan Whether you are a Doctor/ Engineer/ IT professional/ Management Consultant or any other professional come find out about IFIC's advancement Peshajeebi Loan that lays the foundation for your career elevation. IFIC works for your professional Satisfaction. Getting the Loan: If you are an adult employed person and have an account with us then you can easily apply for the PESHAJEEBI LOAN. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 5 lac. Loan Period: 12-36 months. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 8. Retail Loan To the small entrepreneurs who know their trade yet feel frustrated by the lack of money to get a bigger share in the marketplace. IFIC BANK understands their problem and believes that financial support at the right time can take them to (their desired) right place. Getting the Loan: If you are a Bangladeshi entrepreneur with min of 2 years of successful business record, have a valid trade license and have an account with IFIC, then you are eligible to apply for this loan. Loan Size: Maximum Tk. 1 Lac. Loan Period: Maximum 2 years. Processing: Quick Processing Immediately, Least Formalities. 9. Pension Savings Scheme Empower yourself for a secure and prosperous future with IFIC PSS. Partnership for a prosperous and secure future. Features: Under this Scheme you can open a deposit scheme for Tk. 500, Tk. 1000, Tk. 2000 and Tk. 5000 per month for 3 or 5 years whichever suits you. You can make the deposit within 10th of each month (In case of holiday the next working day). You can get Loan up to 80% of the deposited amount You can receive the entire deposit amount with interest at one go or receive a pension on a monthly basis at a desirable amount of your monthly installments. For your clarity a Table of Deposit Scheme and after Maturity Payable Amount is given below: Monthly Installment 3 Years Scheme 5 Years Scheme Tk. 500 Tk. 20322Tk. 36266 Tk. 1000 Tk. 40645Tk. 72532 Tk. 2000 Tk. 81290Tk. 145064 Tk. 5000 Tk. 203225Tk. 362661 (f) Future program of the organization The banks future program is to provide service to its clients with the help of a skilled and dedicated workforce whose creative talents, innovative actions and competitive edge make its position unique in giving quality service to all institutions and individuals that it care for. The bank wants to be the leader amongst banks in Bangladesh and make its indelible mark as an active partner in regional banking operating beyond the national boundary. For that reason it is making joint venture and new loans and schemes and expanding its business in the country and outside the country. Chapter Two Research methodology (a) Objective of the study The main objective is to analyze HRM issues and to find the different problems associated with different HRM activities. Specially: ? To find out different problems of HRM activities ? To judge the employees’ job satisfaction level ? To seek different problems of the employees in the banking sector ? To identify the reasons for which the problems are created ? To search ways to solve the problems of the organization ? To provide suggestions to solve problems of the employees and the banks (b) Data collection a) Primary sources: A questionnaire that are being answered by different people from IFIC bank Ltd. ? Guidelines and suggestions from our Professor Ataur Rahman. ? Interviewing the bank officials, specially the various officers of IFIC Bank Ltd, IFIC academy. b) Secondary Sources: ? Annual reports of IFIC Bank Ltd ? Different Published Booklets of IFIC Bank Ltd ? Different books ? Various published documents ? Various information from various website. ? Academic calendar 2007, IFIC Bank Limited. ? Different documents of the IFIC Bank Ltd. taken from Head Office & the Branch. ? Web site: www. ificbankbd. com. (c) Data interpretation For data interpretation two approaches have been mainly used in this report, 1. Conceptual approach 2. Empirical approach. The approaches are discussed below: ? Conceptual approach: A theoretical section is given in this report (the company profile) to give an insight various information concerning the financial function. ? Empirical approach: This refers to that has been directly collected and interpreted from the survey on IFIC bank Limited. Statistical analytical tools such as trend analysis of the different variables such as number branches, employees etc. of the different years, analysis of the various performance indicators with the help of different tables, figures & diagrams such as simple & multiple bar diagram etc. are used in the report. Statistical Analysis such as standard deviation, co efficient of variation and mean is used to understand job satisfaction etc. Such as average job satisfaction of the employee (Mean) is 3. 37 out of 5. Standard Deviation is 0. 82 & Coefficient of Variation (CV) is 24. 33 %. (d) Limitations of the study Nothing is beyond limitations. Everywhere and in every task there must have some sort of limitations. We also faced some problems at the time of preparing our report as well. The limitations are: ? Lack of availability of data ? Shortage of time ? Company’s restrictions to disclose all information ? Perceptual difference of the employees to measure job satisfaction Chapter 3 Findings and analysis (a) Literature review Our report is on the HRM practiced by IFIC bank so literature review is focused on the HRM terminologies. Human Resource Management (HRM) The set of organizational activities directed at attaining, developing and maintaining an effective workforce. Why is Human Resource Management (HRM)? It is not possible to run any organization (whether it is small or large) without people/ Human Resources. Organization must satisfy its employees to achieve its objectives. It is not possible without Human Resource Management (HRM). HRM is important for: ? Hiring capable/right employees for the organization ? Motivating employees ? Retaining capable employees ? Taking steps for guarding high employee turn-over Orientation, training and development of the employees ? Placing employees in the right jobs ? Maintaining good relation among the organizational members ? Developing team sprit, cooperation & morale of the employees ? Delegating the authority & responsibility among the subordinates ? Controll ing administration human resources of the organization Major Human Resource Management (HRM) activities are: ? Job analysis ? Recruitment & Selection ? Orientation, Training and Development ? Compensation Management ? Job evaluation ? Performance appraisals ? Motivating Employees ? Communication Human Resource Management (HRM) Terminologies: Job analysis: A systematic procedure for collecting and recording information about the jobs. Compensation: Compensation is what employees receive in exchange for their work including their pay and benefits. Recruitment: the processing of attracting capable individuals to apply for the job that is open. Internal Recruitment: Internal Recruitment considers current employees as applicants for higher-level jobs in the organization. External Recruitment: People are collected from outside the organization to apply for the jobs. Employment tests: Employment tests are the devices that assess the probable match between applicants and job requirements. HRM selection: Selection is the choosing capable employees both the job and organization. Training: Teaching operational or mechanical employees how to do the jobs for which they are hired. Development: Teaching managers and professionals the skills needed for both present and future jobs. Training and Development Methods: Assigned readings, behavior modeling, case discussion, conference, Lectures, on the job training such as job rotation etc. Job evaluation: An attempt to asses the worth of each job relative to other jobs Performance appraisals: A formal assessment of how well an employee is doing his or her jobs. Benefits: Benefits are the things of value other than financial compensation that an organization provides to its workers. (b) Human resource department Human Resources Department is focused on recruitment and in-house training for both on the job and off the job Bank staff members through the Bank’s Academy. IFIC Bank Academy – the oldest institution in the private sector – was conceived of as an in-house training center to take care of the training needs of the Bank internally. Academy is fully equipped with a professional library, modern training aids and professional faculty. Library has about 4941 books on banking, economics, accounting, management, marketing and other related subjects. Main training activities consist of in-depth foundation programs for entry level Management Trainees. Specialized training programs in the areas like general banking, advance, foreign exchange, marketing and accounts etc. re also organized by the Academy depending on need. Frequently outreach programs are organized to meet demand for new and specialized skills. During its 23 years of existence, Academy not only conducted cour ses, workshops and seminars as required by the Bank, but it also organized training programs for the Bank of Maldives, Nepal Bangladesh Bank Limited and Oman International Exchange LLC. (c) Workforce Total manpower stood at 2,014 as on December 31, 2006. Out of them 1430 were officers and 584 were non-officer employees. The number of female employees in the Bank on the date was 275. Growth in workforce of the Bank from 1983 to 2006 is given below: Growth in workforce Year |Officer |Staff |Total | |1983 |61 |35 |96 | |1985 |264 |89 |432 | |1990 |512 |480 |992 | |1995 |964 |601 |1565 | |2000 |1151 |549 |1700 | |2005 |1415 |575 |1990 | |2006 |1430 |584 |2014 | Sources: IFIC Bank Academic Calendar 2007 Prepared from previous table [pic] Analysis: Total employees from 1983 to 2006 have been shown in this figure. Total employees was 96 in 1983, 432 employees in 1985, 992 employees in 1990, 1565 employees in 1995, 1700 employees in 2000, 1990 employees in 2005, and 2014 employees in 2006. (d) HRP [pic] (e) Recruitment and Selection The Recruitment & Selection procedure of the bank is also related to its overall strategy. The bank is going to expand its branches in the near future and the bank is recruiting new employees & junior officers to satisfy its long run objectives. Highly qualified employees are hired for the organization. Entry-level position & minimum qualification: External sources: Provisionary officers: Minimum graduate Grade-2 officers: Minimum graduate Cash or computer officers: Minimum HSC Below the Above level: Minimum Class-VIII Internal sources: Other senior posts are filled by the internal sources except some technical or specialized field. (f) Training and development The Academy At the very beginning, the bank laid a foundation by setting up an academy at Head Office under Human Resource Division to develop human resource internally. Equipped with a professional library, modern training aids, professional faculty and other facilities, the Academy of the bank is a leading one among the banks in private sector. The Academy regularly conducts foundation courses, specialized courses and seminars in different areas of banking to take care of the professional needs. In addition, officers are regularly sent to Bangladesh Institute of Bank Management (BIBM) and Bangladesh Bank training Academy for professional training. Sending officers abroad for higher training is a regular feature. A Research Department also works in aid of HRD and other operational areas. The Academy has to its credit the experience of conducting several courses for the officers of the Bank of Maldives (BML) and Nepal-Bangladesh Bank Limited. In addition, it built up the training system for the Bank of Maldives Limited. The Academic activities: IFIC Bank Academy, established in 1983 as in- house training institution, takes care of the training need of the employees of the Bank. The objectives of the Academy are to: ? Make available skilled and dedicated workforce within shortest possible time by reducing time required for on-the-job training; ? Develop understanding about low and practice of banking through foundation training. Impart technical skill to the operational level officers through case studies/practical experience/demonstration/ project visit for efficient operations; ? Develop analytical & decision making skills of the officers; ? Develop understanding about human/conceptual skill and organizational cultures; ? Impart managerial skills to groom future Exec utives and to keep existing Executives up-to-date with national and international environment. Types of programs For fresher, Foundation Courses on elementary knowledge of banking are organized. Specialized Courses on the areas like Credit, Foreign Exchange, Accounts, Inspection, marketing etc. are meant for officials working in those areas. Senior level courses are run on specific knowledge area. Certain courses are a blend of different knowledge areas. In addition, certain priority programs are also being conducted by the Academy. These include program on Anti-Money Laundering, new skills required to perform new jobs. Approaches to Training: Training conducted by the Head Office: Head Office uses off-the job training namely Lectures, Conference, Workshop, Management Game, Role playing, Behavior Modeling and Case Study etc. Training conducted by the Branch: Branches use on-the job training namely job rotation, Coaching/ under study approach, direct supervision by the senior managers. The Academy holds need-based training courses/workshops/seminars etc. which are finalized by HRD Division in consultation with various departments and senior Executives at Head Office. Training inputs are constantly reviewed/modified for achieving the Bank’s objectives. Methods in training include: discussion/lecture/workshop/case study/games/role play/film show/simulation/group work & presentation /project visit and so on. On-the-job training Foundation courses have two parts: theoretical training in the Academy and job rotation. The officers on probation are requested to undergo both in a period of one year. During this period, three-phased training program is effective. On theoretical training in, say, General Banking the officers are required to undergo rotation in General banking activities under the supervision of the HRD. Similar process is followed in case of Credit & Foreign exchange. They report to the HRD weekly about the progress in rotation when problem-oriented discussion takes place for better understanding. Faculty The Academy has built up a pool of professional trainers within the Bank. In addition to permanent and professional trainers, speakers are drawn from operational side so that on-the-job experience may be exchanged and shared. Over and above, speakers from Central Bank, professional training institutions, universities, research organizations, and Govt. rganizations are also invited to share views and experience. Senior and retired bankers are also regularly invited to enhance effectiveness of training. Library The Academy has a good collection of books, journals, magazines. The books are mainly on subjects like Banking, Econom ics, Accounting, Management and Marketing etc. as on December, 2006 the library had 5,461 books/titles. The books are issued to the employees usually for one month. In 1988, the Academy undertook steps to build up Mini Libraries at all the branches outside Dhaka with a view to helping the employees with books and reading materials for updating and upgrading their knowledge. Branches are supplied with books /journals etc. for their Mini Libraries from time to time. (g) Performance appraisal The performance of the employees is measured by the immediate supervisors of the subordinates. The peace rate system is not applicable. The performance of the employees is not directly applied in the compensation system. It only helps in increasing the score of the Annual confidential report (ACR) to their supervisors. It helps the employees get promotion to the higher positions. Minimum two years is required for promotion of the employees. Two Methods of evaluation for promotion: 1. Annual confidential report (ACR) scored by the immediate supervisor 2. Interview marks. Both marks are added together to prepare list for promotion. Statistical Analysis indicates Average Job Satisfaction Of the employee (Mean) is 3. 37 out of 5. Standard Deviation is 0. 82 & Coefficient of Variation (CV) is 24. 33 %. (h) CPD For freshers, foundation Courses on elementary knowledge of banking are organized. Specialized Courses on the areas like Credit, Foreign Exchange, Accounts, Inspection, marketing etc. are meant for officials working in those areas. Senior level courses are run on specific knowledge area. Certain courses are a blend of different knowledge areas. In addition, certain priority programs are also being conducted by the Academy. These include program on Anti-Money Laundering, new skills required to perform new jobs. In this way the initiative for the new and young employees are conducted and their career path become smooth by taking this kind of training. (I) Findings ? IFIC bank Ltd. has capable workforce to compete with others. ? In Banks, specially in the senior position, experienced & educated employees are required. ? Remuneration is high in the bank. ? Most of the employees are satisfied in the bank. ? Working environment in the bank is healthy & fine. ? Employee welfare program has insurance facility, loan facility, provident fund transportation & house rent allowances, and gratuity etc. ? Interest rate is very low for the employees. Training methods: lectures, assigned reading, & job rotation are used & good. ? Employees are sincere. ? Employees have to remain vigilant all times & employees will be liable for their mistakes. ? Promotion depends on the performance & Annual Confidential Report (ACR) sc ored by the immediate supervisor plus interviews score. ? Bank job is very challenging and stressful, especially in the top- level position. ? Risk management is very difficult task in the bank. ? Sometimes, promotion is delayed because of certain reasons in the banks. ? Sometimes, Employers use nepotism and favoritism at the time of employment and promotion of the employees ? Marketing activities especially deposit target to open account is a difficult task. ? In the bank job, handling the borrowers is a very difficult task. When any borrower comes in the bank and does not get any loan from the bank due to legal requirement procedure of the bank, In this case customers may want to do undue influence to the bankers. They sometimes threaten the bankers for getting loan from the bank. ? Interpersonal relationships & communication are good. ? It is monotonous job. Especially employees have to reconcile the accounts: cash/clearing/transfer every day. ? Bankers sometimes have to work more than eight hours in a day without any remuneration. Music is played in the bank to remove monotonous working environment. ? Bonus is also paid on the basis of overall profitability of the banks ? Average Job satisfaction level is more than moderate i. e. , 3. 37 out of 5 (j) Pay scale Monthly compensation paid to the employees Total monthly compensation includes Basic salary; House rent allowances, Conveyance allowance, Medical allowance, Entertainment allowances, Telephone. |No. |Abbreviation |Elaboration |Total Monthly compensation in taka | |01 |MD |Managing Director |300000 Approx. |02 |SEVP |Senior executive vice president |73000 | |03 |EVP |Executive vice president |68000 | |04 |SVP |Senior vice president |62800 | |05 |EVP |Executive vice president |54350 | |06 |VP |Vice president |49150 | |07 |SAVP |Senior assistance vice president |36700 |08 |FAVP |First assistance vice president |33600 | |09 |AVP |Assistance vice president |31500 | |10 |SSO |Senior staff officer |23300 | |11 |SO |Staff officer |20600 | |12 |G-1 |Officer grade-1 |17900 | |13 |PO |Provisionary officer |12000 | |14 |G-2 |Officer grade-2 |9100 | |15 |CASH/COMP |Cash/Computer officer |7690 | |16 |OA(SG) |Office assistance(security guard) |7000 | |17 |O. ASSTT. Office assistance |6100 | |18 |DRIVER |Driver |5300 | |19 |SS |Security staff |4200 | |20 |O. ATT. |Office attendance |3850 | Source: IFIC Bank Ltd. Graphical chart [pic] Total monthly compensation of the employees Vertical lines represent TK amount and the horizontal lines represent the rank of employees. Here is the rank of the 20 employees & their salaries in taka. Rank can be known from the previous table, NO. -1 MD gets TK. 300000. 00 around & Rank No. – 20 Office Attendance gets TK. 3850. 00 total compensation. (k) LMR There is no trade union in the private commercial bank. But there is no dispute between the employees and the management. Comfortable family environment, comfortable job, satisfaction in work, high remuneration, good customer Service, good interpersonal relation, highly outside & inside personal relation development exist in the organization. Chapter 4 Conclusions and recommendations (a) Conclusions Banks play important role in the modern economy; Human Resources Management (HRM) issues play an important role in every organization and also in the banks. No organization can achieve its goals or can be good, until or unless it satisfies employees. Human Resources/ organizational members play the role of the crew who convert goals into the reality. In the banking sector, highly educated & strategic personnel are required to create a competitive position & to retain it for the long time. Training, principle of equality, job satisfaction, and career development are important in the bank. In the IFIC bank Ltd. The job satisfaction of the employees is more than moderate. Most of the employees are satisfied here. Bank is also satisfied with its employees. Bank’s salary structure is high but not highest in comparison with other commercial banks. Still comfortable working environment, good interpersonal relationship, and the benefits of the employees of the IFIC bank limited are also satisfactory. It has been operating since 1983 and it is a first generation private sector commercial bank in Bangladesh. It has retained its competitive position because of its performance and Employees have made the performance of the organization. Employee’s promotion & selection should be fair to get sincere, qualified, & dedicated employees. Its employee selection procedure should also remain free from nepotism, favoritism, and reference at all levels of management. Finally, the Bank must introduce modern banking system, adopt new technology, initiate new product, train its employees properly to do their job and keep employee satisfied. Bank’s performance is good for its satisfied employees. Bank is on the right track. Bank’s HRM policy is of course better, it has been able to satisfy its employees and customers as well. (b) Recommendations The authority of the IFIC Bank Limited should: Take initiative to motivate its employees to work more and to achieve its objectives. †¢ Take steps to remove stress and to manage stress in the job. †¢ Train its employees to manage the clients & to create a positive image about the bank †¢ Take steps to guard against undue loan sanctions. †¢ Protect bankers from the threat of the clients. †¢ Develop the practice sincerity and patience among the employees to handle difficulty in work. †¢ Take policy to cope with the problems of environment or technological change. †¢ Initiate highly automated system for the benefits of the clients & earning more profit and reputation as well. †¢ Provide overtime allowances for the employees for working more than eight hours. Provide timely promotion to create motivated and dedicated, employees and to increase the performance of the bank and employees as well. †¢ Eliminate nepotism and favoritism from the workplace. †¢ Increase the salary/allowance/incentives for its marketing activity to reach better position †¢ Introduce Career Counseling for its employees. †¢ Increase recreational facilities such as Picnic, Football match etc. †¢ Train properly the employees to handle risk management issues effectively & efficiently and †¢ Provide fast service delivery. (c) Suggestions The Branch Manager & VP has said about â€Å"Staff motivation by management. † AVP has said about â€Å"Better policy for the changing scenario and also adopt farther automation like on line banking. Others employees have said about promotion exercise must be done every year, to do what is good for the banking sectors, timely promotion, better customer service, to increase salary plus other benefits, to establish day care center, service delivery first, proper training the officers & staffs, and management should be careful about staff motivation. Appendix Department of Management Studies Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Questionnaire about HRM issues of IFIC bank Ltd. Purpose of the Study: The purpose is to help a MBA student to prepare an report about HRM issues in the banking sector in Bangladesh in the light of the IFIC bank, Dhaka. 1. Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. Designation: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3. Age: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4. Gender: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5. Duration of employment: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6. Duration of employment in this bank: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7. Why do you choose job in the banking sector? a) High remuneration b) Easy job ) Comfortable environment d) Challenging job e) Other, please specify: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8. Why do you choose job this bank? a) Highly paid b) Easy to develop career c) Better performance d) Better HRM policy e) Other, please specify †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9. How do you feel about your job? a) Pleasant b) Unpleasant c) Indifferent 10. Your satisfaction level in the bank job: a) Very high b) high c) moderate d) Low e) very low 11. Most pleasurable thing in this bank job: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12. Your satisfaction level in the bank: a) Very high b) high c) moderate d) Low e) very low 13. Your relationship with your organization members: ) Very high b) high c) moderate d) Low e) very low 14. Most difficult things in the bank job: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15. Most pleasurable thing in this branch: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16. Your satisfaction level in training: b) High c) moderate d) Low 17. Educational qualification (last): a) Lower than SSC b) SSC c) HSC d) Graduate e) postgraduate 18. Are you satisfied with the culture of this branch? a) Yes b) No c) indifferent 19. Are you satisfied with the HRM policy of the bank? a) Yes b) No c) indifferent 20. Your special suggestions to improve the bank or branch Bibliography 1) Werther, William B. nd Devis, Keith, Hu man Resource Management, 5th edition. 2) Griffin, Rikey W. , Management 5th edition. 3) Lesikar, Raymond V. and Pettit, john P. , Business Communication, 6th edition. 4) Academic calendar 2007, IFIC Bank Limited. 5) Different documents of the IFIC Bank Ltd. taken from Head Office & the Branch 6) Web site: www. ificbankbd. com. [pic] ———————– Plan for dealing with predicted shortfalls or over staffing Compare future demand and internal supply Forecast external supply Forecast internal supply Predict Demand Assess trend in: ? External labor market ? Current employees ? Future organizational plans ? General economic condition Name ID NO. (1) Md. Mosharref Hossain 36 (2) Saheli Nargis64 (3) Md. Rashedul Hasan78 (4) Zubaer Shoaib86 (5) Md. Naharul Islam92 Name [pic][? ] |67Y[cdoeaO? A?  ©s†¹s†¹s|f|WQHh? â€Å"h†¡9 ©CJh†¡9 ©CJh? â€Å"h†¡9 ©B*[? ]CJ,aJ phy+jhDpB*[? ]CJ,U[pic]aJ mHnHphyu[pic]hOj h†¡9 ©B*[? ]CJ2aJ4phyhX[pic]? h’duB* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬hX[pic]? h†¡9 ©B* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬hX[pic]? [email  protected]* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬hemUB* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ho ©B* CJ4aJ4phâ‚ ¬h†¡9 ©CJh? â€Å"ho! nCJ-aJ h[? ]'GhU /5? CJ h#5? CJ jRoll no. Signature 1. Md. Mosharref Hossain36†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. Saheli Nargis64†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. Md. Rashedul Hasan78†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. Zubaer Shoaib86†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5. Md. Naharul Islam 92†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦